“Sudden pain at the base of the big toe”—this is often mistaken for gout based on symptoms alone. Hallux rigidus is caused by skeletal deformities or misalignment of the foot (including genetic factors or other medical conditions), similar to bunions.

Unlike bunions, which cause a visible deformity without damaging the inside of the joint, hallux rigidus involves significant internal joint damage with minimal external deformity. If the condition worsens, the inflamed joint may eventually become severely damaged, leading to a complete loss of mobility in the big toe.

In mild cases, the basic treatment is the same as for bunions—correcting the overall foot structure with medical insoles (orthotics) and gait training.

For severe cases where the big toe cannot move, joint-preserving reconstructive surgery is performed.
This surgery not only restores the toe’s mobility but also redirects pressure within the joint to correct the load-bearing mechanics, preventing further damage.
Since it is uncommon for both sides to become severe simultaneously, the procedure is typically done on one foot at a time, allowing for a quick recovery. As with bunion surgery, the implants used are bio-absorbable, so no secondary surgery is needed to remove them.